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目的掌握广东省中小学生伤害的流行特征,为指导中小学校开展学生伤害预防与控制工作提供依据。方法在广东省7个市县抽取19家医院作为哨点医院,研究对象为2012年1月1日—12月31日因伤害首次到哨点监测医院就诊的6~18岁中小学生。结果 2012年广东省中小学生发生伤害患者共计17 923例,男女性别比为2.36∶1。伤害发生的原因前5位依次为跌倒/坠落(8 951例)、动物伤(3 144例)、道路交通伤害(2 294例)、钝器伤(1 546例)、刀/锐器伤(1 287例),分别占总伤害的49.94%,17.54%,12.80%,8.63%,7.18%。伤害发生地点前3位依次为家中(5 398例)、学校与公共场所(5 083例)、公路/街道(3 556例),分别占总伤害构成的30.12%,28.36%,19.84%。前3位伤害发生时活动依次为休闲活动(68.17%)、体育活动(11.50%)、驾乘交通工具(10.23%)。伤害以非故意(96.12%)为主。伤害部位以上肢为主,占34.50%;87.21%的伤害患者为轻度损伤;90%以上的伤害病例就诊后回家。5月、7—10月伤害发生较多,占全年的37.88%。每天发生伤害患者数以16:00—20:00较多,占43.30%。结论广东省学生伤害不容忽视,重点应放在跌倒/坠落和动物伤的预防与控制。
Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of injury among primary and secondary school students in Guangdong Province and provide the basis for guiding the prevention and control of student injuries in primary and secondary schools. Methods Totally 19 hospitals in 7 cities and counties of Guangdong Province were selected as sentinel hospitals. The subjects were 6 to 18-year-old primary and middle school students who visited the sentinel monitoring hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2012 for the first time. Results A total of 17 923 cases of primary and secondary school students were injured in Guangdong Province in 2012, with a sex ratio of 2.36:1. The top five causes of injury were fall / fall (8 951 cases), animal injuries (3 144 cases), road traffic injuries (2 294 cases), blunt trauma (1 546 cases), knife / sharp injury 1 287), accounting for 49.94%, 17.54%, 12.80%, 8.63% and 7.18% of the total injuries, respectively. The top 3 places of injury were 5 398 at home, 5 083 at schools and public places and 3 556 at roads / streets, accounting for 30.12%, 28.36% and 19.84% of the total injuries, respectively. The activities of the top three injuries were leisure activities (68.17%), sports activities (11.50%) and vehicle transportation (10.23%). Injury to unintentional (96.12%) dominated. The injuries were mainly upper limbs, accounting for 34.50%; 87.21% of the patients were mild injuries; 90% of the patients were injured after returning home. May, July-October injuries occurred more, accounting for 37.88% of the year. The number of patients who suffered daily injuries was 16: 00-20: 00, accounting for 43.30%. Conclusion Students in Guangdong province should not be neglected. The emphasis should be placed on the prevention and control of falls and falls and animal injuries.