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背景:妊娠是一个过渡时期,在这一非常时期孕妇会变得更为脆弱,在不利条件下可能引发母婴心理问题。因此,我们有必要找出对这一时期会产生负面影响的因素。早期干预对保持孕产妇和婴儿的心理健康十分重要。目的:评估产前焦虑和抑郁的危险因素,特别是孕期和产后早期的孕产妇对胎儿和她自己的父母之间的母婴关系。方法:研究采用在孕期进行量化访谈,通过半定式孕期访谈来评估孕妇对胎儿的心理预期和孕妇自己的母婴依附关系归类。孕期访谈可得到有关孕妇与胎儿、孕妇和她生活中重要人物之间关系的有价值的信息。我们对斯德哥尔摩的孕20周的初产妇进行了调查,询问其有关怀孕的经历、以及他们的家庭、伴侣、和未出生的孩子之间的关系。研究的孕妇均属于有较高压力、童年逆境、有否精神疾病家族史的高危人群。这些女性更易罹患围产期焦虑和抑郁。结果:孕期访谈为了解孕产妇的心理构成提供了有价值的信息。她们心理状态和心理反应的量化可以用来衡量预测其母亲养育能力的质量。访谈中出现的反移情和移情有助于更深入地理解孕期女性的压抑、攻击性、悲伤、自恋、防卫等潜在动力学机制。结论:探究评估母孕期的心理构成以及她与未出生孩子之间的关系有助于进行专业的早期干预。早期干预措施应针对特定的高危人群,可有助预防对其孩子可能产生的不良效应。
Background: Pregnancy is a transitional period in which pregnant women become more vulnerable and may cause maternal-psychological problems under adverse conditions. Therefore, it is necessary for us to find out the factors that will have a negative impact on this period. Early intervention is important to maintain the mental health of pregnant women and infants. PURPOSE: To assess the risk factors for prenatal anxiety and depression, especially maternal-infant relationships between the fetus and her own parents during pregnancy and early postpartum. METHODS: The study used quantitative interviews during pregnancy to evaluate pregnant women’s psychological expectations of the fetus and their maternal-child attachment by semi-structured interviews during pregnancy. Interviews during pregnancy provide valuable information on the relationship between pregnant women and fetuses, pregnant women and important people in her life. We surveyed 20-week pregnant primipara in Stockholm and asked about their pregnancy experience and their relationship with their family, partner, and unborn child. The study of pregnant women belong to high-pressure population, childhood adversity, family history of mental illness. These women are more prone to perinatal anxiety and depression. Results: Interviews during pregnancy provided valuable information for understanding the psychological makeup of pregnant women. The quantification of their psychological status and psychological response can be used to measure the quality of their mothers’ ability to predict parenting. Counter-empathy and empathy appearing in interviews help to understand more deeply the underlying dynamic mechanisms of depression, aggression, sadness, narcissism and defense of pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Exploratory assessment of the mental makeup of motherhood and her relationship with unborn children is helpful for early professional intervention. Early interventions should target specific high-risk groups and may help prevent possible adverse effects on their children.