哥特小说起源于英国18世纪后半页,传统的英国哥特小说中常常包含着暴力、邪恶、悬疑、超自然等元素,给读者带来刺激猎奇的审美体验。哥特小说不仅在欧洲开创了“黑色浪漫主义”风潮,对美国文坛的影响则更加深远:“美国小说起始于哥特小说,只要美国小说不绝,哥特小说就不可能灭亡”。哥特文学进入19世纪之后产生了一系列的嬗变,不再拘泥于早期哥特小说叙述灵异故事的模式,并且不再局限于小说的单一文体,这一点在美 Gothic novels originated in Britain in the latter half of the 18th century, the traditional English gothic novels often contain violence, evil, suspense, supernatural elements, to stimulate the audience to stimulate the novelty of the aesthetic experience. The Gothic novel not only opens up a wave of “black romanticism” in Europe, but has a far-reaching impact on the American literary world: “American novels originated in the Gothic novels. As long as the American novels are endless, the Gothic novels can not perish ”. Gothic literature entered the 19th century after a series of evolution, no longer rigidly adhere to the early Gothic novel narrative ghost story mode, and no longer limited to a single style of the novel, which in the United States