美国花生基因库中收集了 80 0 0多份种质材料 ,这些种质材料含有丰富的遗传多样性。然而 ,这些多样性在育种研究中未能得到充分的评价和广泛的应用。为促进整个花生种质库的开发利用 ,建立了以A .hypogaea为核心的种质。美国花生种质库首先按来源国别分类 ,然后再根据种质其它信息量及各来源国种质数目分成 9个部分。核心种质中的 70 %采用下述方法获得 ,依来源国别分类 ,进而就形态学数据资料进行多变量分析 ,对种质聚类 ,然后从每组中随机抽取 1 0 %的样品。因为有一些种质缺乏形态学数据资料 ,因此 ,该种质中的 2 9%是通过按来源国别分类后再随机抽取 1 0 %的样品方法进行选择的 ,剩余的 1 %是一个简单的随机样品。花生核心种质的建立使种质评价方面的研究明显增多 ,几组研究者已经对核心种质的 2 4个特性进行了评价 ,针对几种重要的病源 ,已鉴定出一部分抗源。利用抗花生晚斑病和根结线虫病的数据资料评价了两阶段核心筛选的方法在鉴定整个种质库中抗性的有效性 ,两项研究明确证实 ,核心种质法可用以提高种质评价效率 More than 80 0 germplasm collected in the American peanut gene pool contain abundant genetic diversity. However, these diversity in breeding research have not been fully evaluated and widely used. In order to promote the development and utilization of the entire peanut germplasm bank, germplasm centered on A. hypogaea was established. The US peanut germplasm bank is first classified by country of origin and then divided into 9 sections based on other information on germplasm and the germplasm of each country of origin. Seventy percent of the core collections were obtained using the method described below. Multivariate analysis of the morphological data was performed by country-by-country classification, followed by cluster analysis of germplasm and random sampling of 10% of the samples from each group. Because there are some germplasm lacking morphological data, 29% of the germplasm is selected by random sampling of 10% of samples from the country of origin and the remaining 1% is a simple Random samples. The establishment of peanut core germplasm significantly increased the research on germplasm evaluation. Several groups of researchers have evaluated 24 traits of core germplasm, and identified some antigens for several important pathogens. Using two-stage core screening methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the resistance in the entire germplasm bank, data from late blight and root-knot nematode resistances in peanut were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the core collection method to improve germplasm Evaluation of efficiency