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2009-2010年,以辽东山区大豆主产区岫岩县作为试验点,系统调查了大豆蚜Aphis glycines Matsumura正常型蚜和小型蚜的种群动态,研究了蜡蚧轮枝菌Verticillium lecanii(Zimmerman)Viegas、豆柄瘤蚜茧蜂Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall、异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)对大豆蚜正常型蚜和小型蚜的寄生与捕食作用;另外,也研究了降雨对小型蚜和正常型蚜的冲刷作用,以及小型蚜对大豆产量的影响等。研究结果表明,7月上中旬为大豆蚜小型蚜发生初期,7月下旬—8月上旬为小型蚜发生高峰期,2010年小型蚜平均蚜量达10000头/百株以上。此外,通过比较大豆蚜正常型蚜和小型蚜排蜜量,发现正常型蚜与小型蚜在30min内的排蜜频率差异极其显著,正常型蚜排蜜次数明显多于小型蚜。蜡蚧轮枝菌对大豆蚜小型蚜的侵染较正常型低,前者被侵染率低于3%,后者被侵染率高达25%。豆柄瘤蚜茧蜂对正常型蚜的寄生率较小型蚜高,寄生率分别为43.41%和0.58%。异色瓢虫3龄幼虫对正常型蚜和小型蚜的捕食率分别为80.24%和36.36%。降雨对小型蚜冲刷作用明显低于正常型蚜。最后,通过对单株蚜量与单株产量进行单因素方差分析,结果表明,单株小型蚜量对产量影响不显著(F=0.378;df=7,1;P>0.05)。上述研究为明确大豆蚜的发生与为害、小型蚜适应环境的生存机制以及自然天敌对大豆蚜的田间控制作用,进而为大豆蚜的可持续控制提供理论依据。
In 2009-2010, the population dynamics of Aphis glycines Matsumura normal and Aphis gossypii were studied systematically in Xiuyan county, the main soybean producing area in eastern Liaoning. Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas , Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), aphid parasitoids, parasitized and prey on the normal and small aphids of soybean aphid. In addition, the effects of rainfall on the scouring of small aphid and normal aphid were also studied Effect, as well as the impact of small aphids on soybean yield and so on. The results showed that in early July, soybean aphid small-aphid occurred in the early period, and from late July to early August the peak occurred in the small aphid. In 2010, the average aphid population of the small-sized aphid reached 10,000 heads per 100 plants or more. In addition, the comparison between normal aphids and small aphids showed that there was significant difference in the frequency of discharging honey between normal and small aphids in 30 min, and the number of normal aphids was significantly more than that of small aphids. Verticillium lecanii infection of soybean aphid small aphids than the normal type, the former is less than 3% infection rate, the latter infection rate as high as 25%. The beetle beetle had a higher parasitism than the normal aphid, with aphid rates of 43.41% and 0.58%, respectively. The predation rates of 3rd instar larvae of C. heterophylla to normal and small aphids were 80.24% and 36.36%, respectively. Rainfall on small aphids scouring was significantly lower than the normal type of aphids. Finally, single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the amount of aphid per plant and the yield per plant. The results showed that there was no significant effect on the yield per plant (F = 0.378; df = 7,1; P> 0.05). The above studies provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable control of soybean aphids in order to clarify the occurrence and damage of soybean aphids, the survival mechanism of adaptation to small aphids and the control of natural enemies on soybean aphid.