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稻瘟病菌确实存在着致病力不同的小种,而水稻品种抗病性丧失或减退的主要原因是由于能侵染该品种的新小种的出现和区系组成变化所致。开展稻瘟病菌致病性分化研究,这对抗源选择、抗病丰产良种在生产上合理布局、品种抗性基因分析等都有重要意义。在全国稻瘟病菌生理小种研究的基础上,我们自1981—1984年,应用我国特特普、珍龙13、四丰43、东农363、关东51、合江18、丽江新团黑谷7个鉴别品种和日本12个单基因鉴别品种,对我市郊县生理小种类型及其分布进行研究。将我市11个郊县129个菌株划分为7群13个小种,ZE、ZG群分布最广,出现频率最高,分别为36.4％、34.9％,其中ZE_3、ZG_1为优势小株。各区县优势小种是不同的,蓟县、宝坻、汉沽、塘沽、南郊、北郊以ZG_1小种出现频率最高,宁河、武清、东郊、西郊以ZE_3小种为优势小种,静海以ZD_3小种出现频率较高。同时应用我市各区县86个代表菌株对日本具有单基因12个品种接种测定致病力,所有菌株都能使具有Pi—a、Pi—i、Pi—k、Pi—k~s、Pi—k~p、Pi—z基因型品种致病,发病率高。对Pi—k~m、Pi～ta、Pi—ta~z、Pi—b、Pi—t抗病基因的品种致病率为11—29％,对具有Pi—z~t抗病基因砦一号在许多地区发病率为零。所以不同菌株对不同基因型品种致病力是有差异的,该结果说明对杂交亲本选择、品种选育与布局具有重要意义。 1982—1983年我们应用不同菌株对北方几个粳稻品种进行致病力测定,不同品种抗病性是不同的,其抗感反应与生产上表现基本是一致的。所以应用不同小种测定品种抗病性在生产上有实用价值。此外,我们对北方几个省份62个菌株也进行生理小种鉴定,各地小种类型与天津郊县小种大体类似。
Magnaporthe grisea did exist different races with different pathogenicity. The main reason for the loss or decline of disease resistance in rice cultivars was due to the emergence of new races and changes in flora composition. To carry out pathogenic differentiation of Magnaporthe grisea, which is of great significance to the selection of resistant sources, the rational layout of resistant varieties with high yield and the gene analysis of resistant varieties. On the basis of the research on physiological races of Magnaporthe grisea in our country, from 1981 to 1984, we applied Tetep, Zhenlong 13, Si Fung 43, Dongnong 363, Kanto 51, Hejiang 18, 7 differentiated cultivars and 12 single-gene cultivars in Japan. The 129 isolates from 11 suburb counties of our city were divided into 7 groups of 13 races. ZE and ZG groups were the most widely distributed and the highest frequencies were 36.4% and 34.9%, respectively. ZE_3 and ZG_1 were the dominant strains. The dominant races of ZG_1 were different in all districts and counties. ZG_1 races appeared the highest frequency in Jixian, Baodi, Hangu, Tanggu, southern and northern suburbs. ZE_3 races of Ninghe, Wuqing, eastern and western suburbs were the dominant races, ZD_3 races appear more frequently. At the same time, 86 strains of representative strains from different districts and counties in our city were used to test the virulence of 12 strains of single gene in Japan. All the strains could make Pi-a, Pi-k, Pi-k ~ k ~ p, Pi-z genotypes disease-causing, high incidence. Pi-k ~ m, Pi ~ ta, Pi-ta ~ z, Pi-b, Pi-t disease resistance gene variety of 11-29% of the disease, with Pi-z ~ The incidence in many areas is zero. Therefore, different strains of different genotypes have different pathogenicity, which indicates that it is of great significance to choose hybrid parents, breed breeding and layout. In 1982-1983, we used different strains to test the pathogenicity of several japonica rice varieties in the north of China. The disease resistance of different varieties was different, and the anti-allergic reaction was consistent with the production performance. Therefore, the application of different races of varieties of disease resistance in the production of practical value. In addition, we also identified 62 race strains from several provinces in the north of China.