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氮肥的不同用期和不同的用量研究表明,小麦成熟时的表现可分为早衰、正常和贪青三种熟相。药隔期前亩施氮肥(硫酸铵,下同)超过70公斤,表现前期群体过旺,后期容易倒伏,形成贪青熟相,其光合成特点为糖氮比值低,灌浆强度低,千粒重日增量小,成熟不正常,产量下降;自药隔期开始施氮肥,即使超过100公斤/亩,也未出现贪青和倒伏,表现正常落黄熟相,灌浆强度高,千粒重日增量大,产量高;始终不施氮肥的处理,特别是在土壤肥力差的情况下,均表现群体小,生长量不足,灌浆结束早,后期早衰,产量低。在高产麦田采用依靠土壤基础肥力保穗数,药隔期重施肥水促穗重的施肥体系,利于小麦正常落黄,穗足穗重、高产不倒。
Different periods of nitrogen fertilizer and different dosage studies show that the performance of wheat can be divided into premature aging, normal and greedy three kinds of cooked phase. Before the drug interval, the nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, the same below) was over 70kg in the early stage of the drug application, which indicated that the population in the early stage was over-prosperous and prone to lodging at the late stage, forming a greyish-cooked phase with low photosynthetic rate, low filling intensity and 1000-grain weight The amount of fertilizer was small, the maturity was not normal, and the yield was decreased. From the beginning of the application of nitrogen fertilizer, even if it exceeded 100 kg / mu, there was no greyishness and lodging, the performance of normal falling yellow ripe phase, high grouting strength, High; always no nitrogen fertilizer treatment, especially in the case of poor soil fertility, all showed small groups, lack of growth, early filling end, late premature aging, low yield. In high-yielding wheat fields, the fertilization system relying on the basis of soil-based fertility spikelets and the sprinkling of heavy fertilization water at the intervals of high-yielding wheat was conducive to the normal yellowing of wheat, spikelet ears and high yield.