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目的：探索快速、有效、简便的检测食管癌Ｐ５３基因突变的方法，以利于食管癌的早期诊断和研究。方法：用银染ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ法检测本院６３例食管切除标本的Ｐ５３基因突变（选突变多发位点５、６、７、８外显子）。结果：食管癌Ｐ５３基因突变发生于第５、６、７、８外显子，总突变率６８％，鳞癌、腺癌、未分化癌中Ｐ５３突变率差异不显著；鳞状上皮不典型增生中Ｐ５３突变率为６１．８％。结论：Ｐ５３基因突变可作为食管癌早期诊断的一个重要分子生物学指标。
Objective: To explore a rapid, effective and simple method for detecting P53 gene mutation in esophageal cancer so as to facilitate the early diagnosis and study of esophageal cancer. Methods: The p53 gene mutation was detected in 63 cases of esophagectomy specimens by silver-staining PCR-SSCP method (exon 5, 6, 7, and 8 exons of multiple mutation sites). RESULTS: P53 gene mutations in esophageal cancer occurred in exon 5, 6, 7, and 8 with a total mutation rate of 68%. There was no significant difference in P53 mutation rate between squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. Squamous epithelium atypical hyperplasia The P53 mutation rate was 61.8%. Conclusion: P53 gene mutation can be used as an important molecular biological indicator for the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer.