“官本位”的思想几乎和中国的封建制度一样古老。早在秦汉时代,实行“品位分类”的制度,把官员分作若干爵位等级,从公士、大夫以下一直分为20个等级;魏晋改爵位为“品”,从上而下分为一至九品。后来因为品位太少,大小官员排列不开,于是将每品分为正、从两个等级,有时在四品以下的正、从等级又分为上、下两阶,如此,大小官员们共分为30个等级。这种官僚等级制度一直持续到明清时代。“官本位”制度造成社会成员等级森严,尊卑贵贱界限分明,“公之子恒为公”,“士之子恒为士”,身份不可变更,等级不能混淆。 封建时代的“官本位”的突出特点是“官为贵”。整个社会以官为尊,以官职的大小论社会地位之高低,官员成为整个社会的主体和中心。所以,官不 The idea of ​​“official standard” is almost as old as China’s feudal system. As early as in the Qin and Han dynasties, the system of “grade classification” was implemented, and officers were divided into a number of knighthoods. From the public servants and doctors, the rankings were divided into 20 grades; the title of “Wei” was changed to “goods” from top to bottom, Nine products. Later because the grade is too small, the size of the officials arranged not open, so each item is divided into positive, from two grades, sometimes below the four products are positive, from the level is divided into upper and lower levels, so the size of officials were Divided into 30 levels. This bureaucratic hierarchy continued until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The system of “official standard” results in the grave hierarchy of social members and the clear distinction between nobleness and inferiority. “The son of a male is always the male,” and the son of a son is a permanent member of the public. His status can not be changed and his rank can not be confused. The prominent characteristic of “official standard” in the feudal era is “official is expensive.” The whole society regards officials as respect, the size of the official posts as the social status, and the officials become the main body and center of the whole society. So, no