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外来词也称“借词”是从其他民族语言中吸收过来的词语,一般包括国外和国内其他民族的语言两种。外来词最初由外族人赋予其语音形式和内容概念,然后由另一民族在语音形式等方面进行适应性的在加工,便容入其词汇之中,从外族语言中吸收词语是语言相互影响的正常现象,是不同民族接触和交往的必然结果。它对丰富和发展一个民族的语言起着重要的作用。通过对外来词的研究,我们可以了解一个民族的语言发展的形成历史,可以了解一个民族今天的文化是如何形成的,还可以了解这个民族和其他民族交流的历史。因此,可以说对一个语言中的外来词进行研究,不仅具有语言学的意义,而且还具有社会学、历史学的意义。
Loanwords, also known as “borrowed words” are words that have been absorbed from other national languages and generally include two languages, foreign and domestic. Loanwords were first given by foreign peoples to their phonetic forms and content concepts and then adapted by other peoples in terms of phonetic form to be accommodated in their vocabulary. Absorbing words from alien languages is linguistically interdependent The normal phenomenon is the inevitable result of contacts and exchanges between different ethnic groups. It plays an important role in enriching and developing a nation’s language. Through the study of loanwords, we can understand the formation history of a nation’s language development, understand how a nation’s culture is formed, and understand the history of this nation’s exchange with other nations. Therefore, it can be said that the study of loanwords in a language not only has linguistic meanings, but also has sociological and historical significance.