本研究目的在于了解９０年代初期我国中年人群血清胆固醇水平、分布特征及影响因素。研究对象选自不同地理位置、不同职业、不同经济状况的人群。地区包括东北、华北、华东、西南及华南，职业包括工人、农民、城市居民和渔民。危险因素调查人数共１５１６７人，年龄３５～６４岁。其中１４２５１人进行了血清总胆固醇测定，男性６５５２人，女性７６９９人。胆固醇测定由１２个协作单位的实验室完成，采用统一的标准化及质量控制方案。结果显示：不同人群血清胆固醇年龄调整均值，男性介于１５０．０～１９９．４ｍｇ／ｄｌ，女性介于１４６．１～１９８．２ｍｇ／ｄｌ；高血清胆固醇（ＴＣ≥２００ｍｇ／ｄｌ），年龄标化率，男性介于６％～４４％，女性介于５％～４２％。进一步分析表明，人群血清胆固醇水平在地域上无明显北高南低趋势，而是经济条件较好的大企业、大城市人群明显高于其它人群。高血清胆固醇检出率在部分人群中已处较高水平，由此导致的动脉粥样硬化性疾病将成为这些人群健康的潜在危胁 The purpose of this study is to understand serum cholesterol levels, distribution characteristics and influencing factors in middle-aged Chinese population in the early 1990s. The research subjects were selected from different geographic locations, occupations, and economic conditions. The regions include Northeast China, North China, East China, Southwest China and South China. Occupations include workers, farmers, urban residents and fishermen. The total number of risk factors investigated was 15,167, and the age ranged from 35 to 64 years. Of these, 14251 had serum total cholesterol measured, with 6552 males and 7699 females. Cholesterol measurements were performed by laboratories of 12 collaborating units using a unified standardization and quality control program. The results showed that the average age of serum cholesterol was adjusted for different populations, ranging from 150.0 to 199.4 mg/dl for males, 146.1 to 198.2 mg/dl for females, and high serum cholesterol (TC≥200 mg/dl). The rate is between 6% and 44% for men and between 5% and 42% for women. Further analysis showed that the serum cholesterol level of the population was not significantly higher in the north than in the south, but that in large enterprises and large cities with better economic conditions was significantly higher than other populations. The detection rate of high serum cholesterol is already high in some populations. The resulting atherosclerotic disease will be a potential threat to the health of these populations.