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目的探讨南菜园地区新诊断2型糖尿病中老年患者患病最初1年的心理变化情况。方法 2012年1月—2013年1月采用症状自评量表(self-reporting inventory,SCL-90)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)和焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)对36例新诊断2型糖尿病40岁及以上患者进行问卷调查,并与30例身体健康者进行对照,原始数据收集分别在糖尿病诊断后2周、3、6、12个月进行,以最初数据和最后数据进行对照,中间数据作为参考数据,了解其心理变化情况。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,组内比较采用配对t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果第2周,糖尿病组抑郁、焦虑、恐惧、总症状、阳性症状得分分别为(1.74±0.58)、(1.76±0.64)、(1.57±0.32)、(1.71±0.49)、(42.46±14.87)分,均高于对照组的(1.47±0.42)、(1.37±0.38)、(1.23±0.35)、(1.47±0.42)、(26.41±11.83)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。第3个月,糖尿病组人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐惧、阳性症状得分分别为(1.72±0.58)、(1.69±0.49)、(1.77±0.64)、(1.57±0.34)、(41.95±10.47)分,均高于对照组的(1.44±0.42)、(1.33±0.42)、(1.35±0.36)、(1.22±0.34)、(26.68±11.91)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。第6个月,糖尿病组焦虑、恐惧、总症状、阳性症状得分分别为(1.75±0.63)、(1.57±0.36)、(1.72±0.49)、(41.69±14.94)分,均高于对照组的(1.41±0.39)、(1.21±0.33)、(1.41±0.42)、(26.76±10.73)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。第12个月,糖尿病组总症状、阳性项目、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐惧评分分别为(1.66±0.47)、(41.67±13.87)、(1.73±0.46)、(1.72±0.57)、(1.74±0.62)、(1.56±0.37)分,均高于对照组的(1.38±0.38)、(27.22±12.03)、(1.49±0.47)、(1.45±0.47)、(1.39±0.38)、(1.21±0.34)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。糖尿病组第2周、第3、6、12个月SAS、SDS评分分别为(48.83±9.64)、(47.66±8.98)、(47.32±9.73)、(47.07±8.74)、(49.74±10.01)、(48.84±10.11)、(48.48±11.13)、(48.02±9.75)分,均明显高于对照组的(32.52±6.80)、(31.69±6.77)、(32.63±7.16)、(32.69±7.24)、(39.44±9.88)、(38.73±9.16)、(37.96±8.84)、(38.46±8.76)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论南菜园地区新诊断2型糖尿病中老年患者患病1年内主要的心理变化表现为人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁和恐惧;患病12个月后逐渐减轻。因此,对南菜园地区新诊断2型糖尿病中老年患者诊断1年内进行的心理干预应该主要解决人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁等问题。
Objective To investigate the psychological changes of newly diagnosed middle-aged and elderly patients in type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Caiyuan during the first year of illness. Methods From January 2012 to January 2013, self-reporting inventory (SCL-90), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating depression scale (self- rating anxiety scale (SAS)). Thirty-six newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients aged 40 years and older were surveyed and compared with 30 healthy individuals. The original data were collected at 2 weeks, 3, 6, 12 Month, to compare the initial data and the final data, the intermediate data as a reference data to understand the psychological changes. Measurement data were compared between groups using t test, the group was compared using paired t test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The scores of depression, anxiety, fear, general symptoms and positive symptoms of diabetic group were (1.74 ± 0.58), (1.76 ± 0.64), (1.57 ± 0.32), (1.71 ± 0.49) and (42.46 ± 14.87) (1.47 ± 0.42), (1.37 ± 0.38), (1.23 ± 0.35), (1.47 ± 0.42) and (26.41 ± 11.83) in the control group, respectively, with statistical significance (all P <0.05 ). At the third month, the score of the group of patients with diabetes were (1.72 ± 0.58), (1.69 ± 0.49), (1.77 ± 0.64), (1.57 ± 0.34), (41.95 ± 10.47 ) Were higher than those in the control group (1.44 ± 0.42, 1.33 ± 0.42, 1.35 ± 0.36, 1.22 ± 0.34, and (26.68 ± 11.91, respectively, P < 0.05). At 6 months, the scores of anxiety, fear, general symptom and positive symptom in diabetic group were (1.75 ± 0.63), (1.57 ± 0.36), (1.72 ± 0.49) and (41.69 ± 14.94) (1.41 ± 0.39), (1.21 ± 0.33), (1.41 ± 0.42) and (26.76 ± 10.73) points respectively. The differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). At the 12th month, the scores of total symptoms, positive items, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety and fear in diabetic group were (1.66 ± 0.47), (41.67 ± 13.87), (1.73 ± 0.46) and (1.72 ± 0.57) 1.74 ± 0.62 and 1.56 ± 0.37 respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.38 ± 0.38, 27.22 ± 12.03, 1.49 ± 0.47, 1.45 ± 0.47, 1.39 ± 0.38, ± 0.34), the difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05). The scores of SAS and SDS in the 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 12th month in diabetic group were (48.83 ± 9.64), (47.66 ± 8.98), (47.32 ± 9.73), (47.07 ± 8.74), (49.74 ± 10.01) (48.84 ± 10.11), (48.48 ± 11.13) and (48.02 ± 9.75) points in the control group were significantly higher than those in the control group (32.52 ± 6.80), (31.69 ± 6.77), (32.63 ± 7.16) and (32.69 ± 7.24) (39.44 ± 9.88), (38.73 ± 9.16), (37.96 ± 8.84) and (38.46 ± 8.76) respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (all P <0.05). Conclusions The main psychological changes in newly diagnosed middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nancunyuan district during the first year are as follows: interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression and fear; gradually decrease after 12 months of illness. Therefore, the psychological diagnosis of newly diagnosed middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nancunyuan District within one year should mainly solve the problems of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and depression.