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共同海损制度是船方在海上运输中为了归避风险而与各利益方公平分担的制度。随着海上保险和国际航运事业的快速发展,该制度存在的问题也日益突出。由于许多不确定因素,是否用海上货物保险取代共同海损制度以及共同海损制度的完善修订引起国际社会的广泛争议。本文从共同海损制度的产生入手,重点论述现行共同海损制度实践的情况,并探讨其发展趋势。
The system of common average damages is a system which is equitably shared with various stakeholders in order to avoid risks in maritime transportation. With the rapid development of maritime insurance and international shipping business, the existing problems of the system have become increasingly prominent. Due to many uncertainties, it is widely debated in the international community whether to replace the general average with marine cargo insurance and to amend the general average. This article starts from the emergence of the general average loss system, focuses on the current practice of the general average system, and discusses its development trend.