Glucocorticoids are primary stress hormones that regulate a vast array of biological processes.In cardiomyocytes,the actions of glucocorticoids are not only mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor(GR),but also by the mineralocorticoid receptor(MR)as cardiac-specific MR is thought to be primarily occupied by glucocorticoids.Recently,studys using transgenic mice that specifically target GR or MR in cardiomyocytes suggest that GR signaling in cardiomyocytes is critical for the normal development and function of the heart.