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长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lnc RNA)是一类长度超过200个核苷酸、不编码蛋白质的功能性RNA分子,作为蛋白质和DNA之间的媒介,参与体内重要的细胞活动。Lnc RNA在多个水平调节基因表达,包括染色体重塑、转录和转录后加工等,通过多种机制发挥其生物学功能。随着研究的深入,lnc RNA许多潜在的功能逐渐被发现,其与人类疾病的关系日益受到人们的重视,lnc RNA的失调与越来越多的疾病有联系,特别是在癌症方面。本文主要就lnc RNA的功能、作用机制及其在临床疾病发生发展中的作用进行综述。
Long-chain non-coding RNA (lnc RNA) is a class of functional RNA molecules that are more than 200 nucleotides in length and do not encode proteins. As a mediator between proteins and DNA, they are involved in important cellular activities in the body . Lnc RNA regulates gene expression at multiple levels, including chromosomal remodeling, transcription and post-transcriptional processing, and exerts its biological functions through various mechanisms. With the deepening of research, many potential functions of lnc RNA have gradually been discovered. Its relationship with human diseases is receiving more and more attention. The imbalance of lnc RNA is associated with more and more diseases, especially in cancer. This review focuses on the function of lnc RNA, its mechanism of action and its role in the development of clinical disease.