目的应用风险分析理论原理,对舰艇病媒生物风险进行评估,提出风险管理对策。方法构建了舰艇病媒生物风险评估体系及指标评判参考,依此对舰艇病媒生物风险现状进行评估。结果影响舰艇病媒性传染病风险的因素应包括生物学、地域、行政因素在内的24个主要因子。使用定性法评估显示,除尘螨外,舰艇环境中的病媒生物都存在不同程度的风险,其中鼠类及其体表寄生的蚤、螨类风险性很大。结论通过健全舰艇病媒生物管理控制相关法规与标准化,建立舰艇病媒生物及其传染病的技术支援平台,加强舰艇病媒生物综合防制技术措施研究等风险管理技术可降低其风险性。 Objective To apply risk analysis theory to assess the biological risk of naval vessels and propose risk management measures. Methods The biological vector risk assessment system of naval vessel and its reference were established, and the status of vector bio-risk was evaluated. Results The factors affecting the risk of vector-borne infectious diseases of naval vessels should include 24 major factors including biological, geographical and administrative factors. Qualitative assessment showed that there were risks of vector-borne diseases outside of dust mites except for dust mites. Among them, the risk of parasitic fleas and mites on rats and their surface was very high. Conclusion The risk management techniques such as the establishment of a technical support platform for vector-borne diseases and their infectious diseases and the strengthening of risk management techniques for the comprehensive control of vector-borne diseases can be reduced through sound regulations and standardization of vector control of vector-borne diseases.