如果说工业化是现代化的传统内容。那么,知识化则是现代化的现代内容。对于已经实现工业化的西方发达国家来说,知识化是其现代化传统内容的自然延伸;对于包括中国在内的大多数尚未实现工业化的发展中国家而言,知识化则是其面临的严峻挑战。因而,中国现代化的特殊性,恰恰在于把工业化和知识化这两大世界进程浓缩起来,合二为一,由此构成了中国现代化的种种“难题”:难题之一,向知识经济过渡发展中国家与发达国家并非处于同一起点上。西方发达国家靠羊吃人的原始积累以聚集实现工业化所需要的社会财富的过程具有不可重复性。多少年来,西方发达国 If we say that industrialization is the traditional content of modernization. Then, knowledge is the modern content of modernization. For developed western countries that have already achieved industrialization, knowledge-basedization is a natural extension of its traditional content of modernization. For most developing countries, including China, which have not yet achieved industrialization, knowledge-basedization is a serious challenge. Therefore, the peculiarity of China’s modernization precisely lies in the fact that the two world processes of industrialization and knowledge-based economy are concentrated and merged into one another, thus constituting the “problems” of China’s modernization: one of the difficulties and the transition to a knowledge-based economy Developing countries and developed countries are not at the same starting point. The process by which the developed countries of the West rely on the primitive accumulation of sheep and sheep to gather the social wealth needed for industrialization is non-repeatable. For many years, western developed countries