论文部分内容阅读
寻求富强和争取民主是近现代中国知识阶层政治思想的两个重要面相,但是为寻求快速富强所需要的集权专制与民主追求、必然的分权之紧张与冲突,撕裂了整个知识阶层。作为缓解这种紧张和冲突之设计,用“专制”实现现代化的开明专制思想持续地影响着数代知识分子。开明专制思想虽然受到批驳,在实践上也遭遇过失败,但在清末至抗战前几十年间仍被不少知识分子视做一种合理的过渡政体和发展模式,被赋予了救亡和启蒙的双重任务。作为西方政治思想中国化的大胆尝试和众多知识分子的希望寄托,开明专制思想不仅具有重要的思想价值,也是了解近现代中国知识分子的一把钥匙。
Seeking the prosperous and striving for democracy are the two important aspects of the political thinking of the intelligentsia in modern China. However, in order to seek the totalitarian and democratic pursuit needed for a prosperous and powerful autocrat, inevitable tensions and conflicts in power have torn the entire intellectual class. As a design to alleviate this tension and conflict, the open and authoritarian ideology of modernizing “autocracy” has continuously influenced generations of intellectuals. Although the open and authoritarian ideology was criticized and failed in practice, it was still regarded by many intellectuals as a kind of reasonable transitional polity and mode of development during the period from the end of Qing Dynasty to the Anti-Japanese War, and was given dual salvation and enlightenment task. As a bold attempt to sinicize the political ideology in the West and the hopes of many intellectuals, enlightened despotism not only possesses important ideological values, but also is the key to understanding the modern Chinese intellectuals.