间谍的历史同人类的文明史一样久远,无论在中国、在外国,可以说自从有了战争,就有了间谍。 远古时代,在部落、家族相互交战中,间谍活动就已成为敌对双方攻防的重要谋略和手段了。公元前5世纪,我国杰出的军事理论家孙武的《孙子兵法》的《用间篇》中对间谍、反间谍活动的规律作了理论概括,提出了“五问”之说。他的间谍理论在古今中外发生了广泛的影响。 宋太祖赵匡胤在宫廷内设立的“皇城司”,是世界上最早的直属于皇帝的间谍机关。在中世纪的欧洲,伴随着频繁的战争和社会变革,间谍活动逐步得到发展,各国先后设置了比较完备的间谍机关和间谍网。 到了近代,帝国主义把间谍活动直接用于掠夺和战争。被侵略的国家 The history of spies is as old as the history of human civilization. In China and abroad, it can be said that there have been spies since the war was over. In ancient times, in the tribal and family fighting each other, espionage has become an important strategy and means of opposing both sides offensive and defensive. In the 5th century BC, the principle of espionage and antisocial activities in the “Inter-space Art of Sun Tzu” by Sun Wu, an outstanding military theorist in our country, was theoretically summed up and the theory of “Five Questions” was put forward. His theory of spying has had a wide range of effects both at home and abroad. Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin in the court set up “imperial division”, is the world's first directly under the emperor's spy agency. In medieval Europe, espionage gradually developed along with frequent wars and social changes. All countries successively set up relatively complete espionage agencies and spy networks. In modern times, imperialism used espionage directly for plunder and war. Invaded country