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1966年Schmitz等首次报告了输尿管内支架的应用,由于操作简单、不影响病人活动和疗效,使用范围逐渐扩大,目前在西德已广泛使用,1983年Toelle报告对398例病人进行了约1600次的内支架引流。此外,一些学者还对内支架的材料进行了实验研究和电镜检查,现将内支架的材料选择、模式、使用方法、指征和禁忌症、并发症及其处理,以及临床应用等问题综述如下。材料的选择内支架的材料应具备下述条件:(1)无腐蚀性、不致敏、不致癌和不损害尿路上皮;可以消毒;长期留置体内不发生理化变化;(2)表面光滑,具有良好
In 1966, Schmitz et al reported for the first time the application of ureteral stents. Since the operation is simple and does not affect the patient’s activities and curative effects, the scope of application has been gradually expanded and is currently widely used in West Germany. In 1983, the Toelle report carried out about 1,600 cycles of 398 patients The stent drainage. In addition, some scholars also carried out experimental studies and electron microscopic examination of the material of the stent, and now we summarize the material selection, mode, usage, indications and contraindications, complications and treatment, and clinical application of the stent. . Material selection The material of the stent should have the following conditions: (1) non-corrosive, non-allergenic, carcinogenic and non-damaging to the urothelium; can be sterilized; long-term indwelling physical and chemical changes in the body; (2) good