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1.小麦种子的特性 (1)小麦种子具有生理后熟性。小麦种子生产,在田间达到成熟开始收获,称为收获上的成熟。从收获上成熟到生理上成熟的过程中叫做后熟期,以发芽率达到80%为完熟标志,一般品种完熟期30～80天不等,有的甚至只有几天。小麦种子在后熟过程中,呼吸量大,新陈代谢旺盛,极易出现种堆上层出汗,发热、霉变等不良变化。 (2)小麦种子具有耐热性强,吸湿性强,易生虫、霉变的特性。小麦种子的蛋白质和呼吸酶具有较高的抗热性,淀粉糊化温度也较高,在一定的高温范围内不会丧失生活力。据试验,含水量17%以下的小麦种子,温度不超过54℃,不会降低发芽率。小麦种皮薄,吸湿性较强,小麦吸收水分后会加强淀粉、蛋白质水解,导致易感染和大量繁衍仓虫,如米象、麦蛾等。同时,各种病菌等微生物也极易浸染,引起种子发热霉变。
1. The characteristics of wheat seeds (1) Wheat seeds have a physiological after-ripening. Wheat seeds are produced, ripe in the field to begin harvesting, known as harvesting on maturity. From the harvest to mature physiologically mature process called after ripening, with germination rate of 80% as a sign of maturity, the general varieties mature at 30 to 80 days, and some even only a few days. In the after-ripening process of wheat seeds, the respiration is large and the metabolism is exuberant. It is very easy for the seeds to sweat, fever, mildew and other undesirable changes. (2) wheat seeds with heat-resistant, hygroscopic, easy to bear, mildew characteristics. Wheat seed protein and respiration enzymes have high heat resistance, starch gelatinization temperature is higher, in a certain high temperature range will not lose their viability. According to the test, wheat seeds with a water content below 17% do not exceed 54 ° C and will not reduce the germination rate. Thin wheat seed coat, strong hygroscopicity, wheat absorbs moisture will strengthen the starch, protein hydrolysis, leading to susceptible infections and a large number of reproduction of caterpillars such as rice, wheat moth and so on. At the same time, a variety of germs and other microorganisms are also very easy to dip, causing mold fever mildew.