国债专指中央政府的债务,包括外债和内债。本文使用的国债的概念专指中央政府的内债。我国在建国初曾发行“人民胜利折实公债”,1954—1958年发行了“国家经济建设公债”。从1981年起恢复举借内债。国债与财政困难有一定的联系,然而它又不是财政困难的必然产物,国债的性质是一种财政分配手段。我国发行国债的目的,是保证国家重点建设和平衡财政收支。我国目前国债的特点是,中长期的具有一定强制性的有条件流动的有息货币公债。从1981年起到1990年止,我国发行国债的形式有国库券、国家重点建设债券、财政债券、特种债券、国家建设债券和保值公 National debt specifically refers to the central government’s debt, including foreign and domestic debt. This article uses the concept of national debt specifically refers to the central government’s domestic debt. At the beginning of the founding of our nation, China issued the “People’s Victory Compromise,” and issued the “National Economic Construction Bonds” from 1954 to 1958. From 1981 onwards to recover the domestic debt. However, it is not an inevitable result of financial difficulties. The nature of government bonds is a kind of fiscal distribution method. The purpose of issuing treasury bonds in our country is to ensure that the state will focus on building and balancing its revenue and expenditure. At present, our country’s national debt is characterized by medium and long term interest-bearing government bonds that have a certain compulsory flow. From 1981 until 1990, China’s treasury bonds are issued in the form of treasury bonds, state key construction bonds, treasury bonds, special bonds, state bonds and hedge funds