社会主义与市场经济能否相互兼容,实际上包含两个命题:一是市场经济能否被社会主义所容纳,这已在理论上被突破,在实践上也被以市场为取向的改革所带来的显著成就所验证;另一是社会主义如何詖市场经济所容纳,这尚在理论上深入探讨,在实践上也处于国有制改革的各种试验中。当前我国经济体制改革已进入攻坚阶段,许多产品、要素与信息已陆续进入市场,但国有制改革却仍严重滞后。国有经济与市场经济的矛盾已成为影响经济改革与发旧的主要因素。一方面,国有企业活力不足,效益低下,至今仍然未能适应市场经济的要求;另一方面,由于国有企业未能成为真正的主体,这就严重影响市场体系的开发与市场经济体制的建立。为此,本文提出产权改革是社会主义与市场经济相互兼容的关节点,现代企业制度应作为国有制改革的目标模式。一、产权:国有资本金的商品形式与国家所有权的实现形 Whether or not socialism and market economy can be compatible with each other actually involves two propositions: First, whether or not the market economy can be accommodated by socialism. This has been theoretically broken. In practice, it has also been market-oriented reforms. The remarkable achievements of the visit have been verified; the other is how the socialist market has been accommodated by the market economy. This is still deeply discussed theoretically. In practice, it is also in various tests of the state-owned system reform. At present, China’s economic restructuring has entered a critical stage. Many products, elements, and information have entered the market one after another, but the state-owned system reform still lags behind. The contradiction between the state-owned economy and the market economy has become the main factor that affects the economic reform and the development of the old. On the one hand, the lack of vitality of state-owned enterprises and low efficiency have so far failed to meet the requirements of the market economy. On the other hand, because state-owned enterprises have not become the real subject, this has seriously affected the development of market systems and the establishment of a market economy system. For this reason, this article proposes that property right reform is the joint point of compatibility between socialism and market economy, and the modern enterprise system should be the target model of state-owned system reform. I. Property rights: The form of state-owned capital and the realization of state ownership