上级命令长久以来都是国际刑事案件中的重要辩护理由。这一事由在“一战”前被普遍作为免责原则而适用。“二战”后,上级命令不免责原则得以确立,并进一步发展完善。然而时至今日,其中诸如“明显非法”的界定、“道德选择”的标准与胁迫责任等方面仍存在严重问题,需要通过探讨予以解决。 The orders of superiors have long been an important defense in international criminal cases. This matter is universally applied as a principle of immunity before “war”. “World War II ”, the principle of non-exemption of superiors was established, and further development and improvement. However, up till now, there are still serious problems such as the definition of “obvious illegality”, the standard of “moral choice” and the duress responsibilities, which need to be solved through exploration.