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目的掌握青岛市2008-2012年狂犬病的流行特征。方法收集2008-2012年人间狂犬病疫情资料,采集可疑狂犬的脑组织样品,用直接荧光抗体和RT PCR方法检测狂犬病病毒感染状况。对全部资料进行描述分析。结果 2008-2012年全市共报告狂犬病29例,分布于7个区(市)。2008-2011年发病率连续上升,最高年发病率达0.15/10万。农村病例占96.55%。平度市发病率居各区(市)首位,为0.29/10万。11月病例最多,7-12月病例是1-6月的3.14倍。男女性别比为2.22∶1,年龄在27~79岁之间,30~59岁占72.41%,农民占93.10%。Ⅱ、Ⅲ级暴露分别占24.14%和75.86%。86.21%的患者伤口未处理,93.10%的患者未接种狂犬病疫苗,所有患者均未进行狂犬病被动免疫。潜伏期14~413 d,中位数为80.5 d。被家犬咬伤16例,被流浪犬咬伤12例,因屠宰犬感染1例。5份可疑狂犬脑组织样品中,3份狂犬病病毒阳性。结论2008-2012年青岛市狂犬病疫区不断扩大,病例明显增多,发病以农民为主。暴露后未进行规范处置是发病的主要原因。因此,应以暴露后处置为重点,加强综合防控。
Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Qingdao from 2008 to 2012. Methods The rabies epidemic data of human beings from 2008 to 2012 were collected, and brain samples of suspect rabies were collected. The rabies virus infection was detected by direct fluorescent antibody and RT-PCR. Describe all the data. Results A total of 29 rabies cases were reported in the city from 2008 to 2012 and distributed in 7 districts (cities). The incidence rate continued to rise in 2008-2011, the highest annual incidence rate of 0.15 / 100,000. Rural cases accounted for 96.55%. The incidence of Pingdu City ranks first in each district (city) at 0.29 / 100,000. The highest number of cases in November, July-December case is 3.14 times in January-June. The male-to-female sex ratio was 2.22: 1, between the ages of 27 and 79, accounting for 72.41% of the population aged 30- 59 years and 93.10% of the peasants. Ⅱ, Ⅲ level exposure accounted for 24.14% and 75.86% respectively. 86.21% of the wounds were untreated, 93.10% of the rabies vaccines were unvaccinated, and none of the patients were passive rabies immunization. The incubation period was 14 to 413 days with a median of 80.5 days. 16 cases were bitten by domestic dogs, 12 cases were bitten by stray dogs, 1 case was infected by slaughter dogs. Of the 5 suspected rabies brain samples, 3 were positive for rabies virus. Conclusion The epidemic area of rabies in Qingdao has been expanding continuously from 2008 to 2012, with a significant increase of cases. After the exposure is not the standard treatment is the main reason for the disease. Therefore, we should focus on post-exposure disposal to enhance comprehensive prevention and control.