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市场营销的竞争包括两个方面,一是产品间的竞争,一是观念的竞争。就是说,竞争中既包括硬件(实物)的竞争,也包括软件(观念)的竞争。市场营销在某种意义上讲,软件的竞争比硬件的竞争更隐蔽、也更激烈,一旦占领市场后很难被挤出市场。硬件和软件的竞争,即实物和观念的竞争有其不同特点:实物竞争表面化,观念竞争隐蔽化;实物竞争具有残酷性,观念竞争没有残酷性;实物竞争占
Marketing competition includes two aspects, one is the competition between products, the other is the concept of competition. In other words, the competition includes both hardware (in kind) competition and software (concept) competition. In a sense, the competition of software is more subtle and more intense than the competition of hardware. Once the market is occupied, it is hard to be squeezed out of the market. The competition between hardware and software has its own characteristics: the competition in kind and the concealment of concept competition; the cruelty in kind competition and the cruelty of concept competition; the competition in kind