随着教学主体逐渐从以教师为中心向以学生为中心转变,学生英语自主学习能力的培养越来越受到教育界的重视。结构主义教学理论,作为自主学习的一个理论基础,对英语自主学习有着深刻的启发和借鉴意义。从结构主义教学理论与自主学习的涵义、契合点出发,以及对高中生英语自主能力进行现状及原因分析,进而探析在其指导下的高中生英语自主学习能力的培养策略。 With the gradual shift of teaching subjects from teacher-centered to student-centered, the cultivation of English self-learning ability of students has drawn more and more attention from the educational circles. Structuralism teaching theory, as a theoretical basis for autonomous learning, has a profound inspiration and reference for English autonomous learning. Based on the connotation of structuralist teaching theory and autonomous learning and the point of convergence, and the status quo and reasons of senior high school students ’English autonomy, this paper also explores the strategies for training senior high school students’ English self-learning ability under their guidance.