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空气细颗粒物(PM 2.5)是重要的环境空气污染物,主要来源于工业生产、汽车尾气和城市建设等人为活动。随着我国经济的高速发展,越来越严重的空气颗粒物污染可引起一系列健康危害,汇总国内外相关研究内容显示,长期接触高浓度的空气细颗粒可引起成人和儿童肺功能下降,增加慢性阻塞性肺病的发作,表现为慢阻肺的入院率和死亡率升高。人群流行病学研究提示空气细颗粒物可能增加儿童哮喘的发病和发作,并与成人哮喘急性发作有关。空气细颗粒导致慢阻肺和哮喘的机制仍不十分清楚,可能与颗粒物及组分造成的呼吸道氧化损伤、炎性反应、粘液大量分泌,以及直接对小气道壁的损伤有关,详细机制有待深入研究。
Airborne particulate matter (PM 2.5) is an important ambient air pollutant and is mainly derived from anthropogenic activities such as industrial production, automobile exhaust and urban construction. With the rapid economic development in our country, more and more serious pollution of airborne particles can cause a series of health hazards. Relevant research contents at home and abroad show that long-term exposure to high concentrations of airborne fine particles can cause lung function decline and increase chronicity in adults and children The onset of obstructive pulmonary disease, manifested as chronic obstructive pulmonary hospitalization and increased mortality. Population epidemiological studies suggest that airborne particulate matter may increase the incidence and onset of childhood asthma and is associated with an acute exacerbation of adult asthma. The mechanism by which fine particles of air cause COPD and asthma remains unclear and may be related to oxidative damage of respiratory tract, inflammatory reaction, massive secretion of mucus and damage to small airway wall caused by particulates and components, and the detailed mechanism needs further study the study.