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目的分析海口市近10年来法定传染病发病特点和变化趋势,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法收集海口市2005-2014年传染病疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果海口市2005-2014年共报告法定传染病28种145 115例,年平均发病率为791.07/10万,发病总体呈上升趋势;肠道传染病自2009年起取代呼吸道传染病位居首位,血源及性传播传染病2011年后发病率上升趋势明显,10年间自然疫源及虫媒传染病和其他传染病(新生儿破伤风)发病率继续保持在较低水平;发病率居前五位的病种依次为手足口病、乙肝、肺结核、梅毒、其他感染性腹泻;每年4-7月和9-11月发病率较高;发病年龄以0~3岁和15~44岁年龄组为主(40.02%、29.47%);职业以散居儿童和学生为主(36.45%、10.20%)。结论今后应继续采取综合防控措施,加大传染病监控力度,提高传染病报告管理水平,不断加强对手足口病、乙肝、肺结核及性传播疾病等重点传染病的防治。
Objective To analyze the characteristics and changing trend of the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Haikou City in recent 10 years and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Epidemic data of infectious diseases in Haikou from 2005 to 2014 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 145 115 cases of 28 notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Haikou from 2005 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 791.07 / 100 000. The overall incidence of the disease was on an upward trend. Since 2009, infectious diseases of intestinal diseases replaced respiratory infectious diseases, The incidence of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections increased significantly after 2011, with the incidence of natural foci and other vector-borne diseases and other infectious diseases (neonatal tetanus) kept at a relatively low level in 10 years. The incidence rate topped five The order of the disease was hand-foot-mouth disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, syphilis and other infectious diarrhea; the incidence was high in April-July and September-November each year; the age of onset was 0-3 and 15-44 (40.02%, 29.47%). Occupation was dominated by scattered children and students (36.45%, 10.20%). Conclusion In the future, we should continue to take comprehensive prevention and control measures to step up monitoring and control of infectious diseases, raise the management level of infectious disease reports, and continuously strengthen the prevention and control of major infectious diseases such as hand-foot-mouth disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases.