目的：探讨女性生理特征与阑尾炎聚集病例的关系。方法：现场调查病例的分布特征及其危险因素，复习病历，收集临床资料及月经史。结果：１９９７年４月１１日～１９９８年４月３日，武汉某校共发生２２例患者，１７例手术。其中１６例为学生，男女生罹患率分别为２８％（４／１４５）和８８％（１２／１３７），差别有显著性（χ２＝４．７４，Ｐ＜００５）。５例未手术者中，４例为女生。１１例月经规则的手术患者中，月经期发病者１例，卵泡期６例，黄体期４例；９例阑尾出血，月经期１例，卵泡期６例，黄体期２例。对危险因子的比较显示，男女间差别无显著性。结论：本次发生的可能是一种特殊类型的阑尾炎，女性可能具有更高的易感性。 Objective: To investigate the relationship between female physiological characteristics and the accumulation of appendicitis. Methods: Field investigation of the distribution of cases and risk factors, review of medical records, clinical data and menstrual history. Results: From April 11, 1997 to April 3, 1998, a total of 22 patients and 17 surgeries occurred in a school in Wuhan. Among them, 16 were students, and the prevalence rates of boys and girls were 28% (4/145) and 88% (12/137) respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 4.74, P <005). Of the 5 patients who did not operate, 4 were girls. Among the 11 patients with menstrual cycle, 1 patient had menstrual onset, 6 had follicular phase, 4 had luteal phase; 9 had bleeding from the appendix, 1 had menstrual period, 6 had follicular stage, and 2 had luteal phase. Comparison of risk factors showed no significant difference between men and women. Conclusion: This may be a special type of appendicitis, women may have a higher susceptibility.