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目的:回顾分析儿童急性过伸性脊髓损伤的临床特点和预后情况。方法:纳入2010年9月至2020年9月间在武汉协和医院、武汉儿童医院收治的因持续或反复过伸脊柱后儿童脊髓损伤病例资料，根据美国脊髓损伤协会残损等级（American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale，AIS）标准，将患者分为完全性脊髓损伤组和不完全性脊髓损伤组，回顾分析两组脊髓损伤病例的年龄、损伤后症状及演变、神经损伤情况、影像学资料、实验室检查资料、预后及并发症等数据，总结这一类型疾病的特征。结果:共有44例儿童发生儿童过伸性脊髓损伤，年龄分布在3~10岁，95%的患儿<8岁且为女童。完全性脊髓损伤组与不完全脊髓损伤组患儿的发病年龄、舞蹈训练时间等差异无统计学意义。发病特征为持续或者反复过伸脊柱过程中出现腰腿疼痛、下肢无力或感觉异常，随后短时间内症状进行性加重至截瘫。相关血液、脑脊液常规及生化检查未见明显异常。全脊柱无骨折及脱位，MR检查显示胸腰段脊髓髓内弥漫性水肿高信号影。完全性脊髓损伤患儿占比达60%，预后差，后期脊髓萎缩，并发症多。结论:10岁以下的儿童在反复过伸脊柱后可发生急性过伸性脊髓损伤；完全性损伤患儿预后差，并发症多，因此预防这一类型的损伤最为重要。“,”Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute hyperextension spinal cord injury (SCI) in children, and to provide some recommendations for the treatment and prevention of this disease.Methods:Reviewed the data of children of SCI after sustained or repeated hyperextension of the spine at Wuhan Union Hospital and Wuhan Children\'s Hospital from September 2010 to September 2020. According to the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS grade), the patients were divided into complete SCI group and incomplete SCI group. The age, symptoms and evolution after injury, neurological level of injury, imaging data, laboratory examination data, prognosis and complications of the two groups were analyzed. Retrospectively summarize the characteristics of this type of injury.Results:Forty-four cases of acute hyperextension SCI in children were included. Their age ranged from 3 to 10 years old, 95% of them were under 8 years old and 95% of them were female. There was no significant difference in age at injury and time of dance training between children with complete SCI and incomplete SCI. Back and leg pain, lower limb weakness or paresthesia, and rapidly progress to complete or incomplete SCI in a short period were typical symptoms. All blood test results anddiagnostic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid were unremarkable or negative. There was no fracture or dislocation in the whole spine. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a longitudinally extended intramedullary high-intensity signal in the thoracolumbar spinal cord. Complete SCI accounted for 60% of all cases, and the prognosis was poor with spinal cord atrophy and various complications.Conclusion:Children younger than 10 years old after sustained or repeated hyperextension of the spine may suffer acute hyperextension SCI. Children with complete SCI have poor prognosis and serious complications. Therefore, prevention of this type of injury is the best strategy.