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近代日本商业诚信度低下的问题由来已久,其原因在于从事商业的“町人”阶层在封建等级体系中地位最为卑下,并由此形成与自身社会存在相适应的卑下社会心理,即“町人根性”。由于局限于单一社会阶层,商业诚信问题起初并未对近代日本的国际形象造成严重影响。但是,随着明治维新后等级制度的废除,社会价值观念发生了流动整合。日本赴美劳工于20世纪初遭遇的诚信危机,说明“町人根性”已不再专属于商人群体,而是成为近代日本国民性的组成部分之一。美国社会对中日移民信用度进行对比,由此生发出对日本国民诚信度的空前质疑。契约意识的缺失被视为日本国民的普遍道德弱点,这一认知扩展到政治领域,使日本国民诚信度危机逐渐演变为国家信用危机,日本的国家形象不断恶化。
In modern Japan, the problem of low business integrity has existed for a long time. The reason for this is that the “machi-chan” class engaged in commerce occupies the most inferior position in the feudal hierarchy and thus forms the humble social psychology that suits its own social existence. That is, “Town root”. Due to its limitation to a single social class, the question of commercial integrity did not initially have a serious impact on the international image of modern Japan. However, with the abolition of the hierarchical system after the Meiji Restoration, the social values were fluidly integrated. Japan’s crisis of honesty and credit suffered by the workers in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century shows that the “radicalization of the town base” no longer belongs exclusively to the business community, but has become an integral part of modern Japanese nationality. American society contrasts the creditworthiness of China-Japan immigrants, which gives rise to an unprecedented challenge to the integrity of Japanese citizens. The absence of contractual awareness is seen as a general moral weakness for Japanese nationals. This perception extends to the political field, evolving the crisis of Japanese national integrity into a national credit crisis and Japan’s deteriorating national image.