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竞争优势理论是城际分工的理论基础,比较优势理论解释的是在完全竞争中的成本竞争,成本曲线只是产品的要素密集度与地区的要素丰裕度相对应的资源配置。在垄断竞争的市场结构中,收益曲线与成本曲线共同决定竞争优势。要素价格决定成本曲线,要素质量决定收益曲线。在全球化的自由市场中,要素流动、成长推动城市竞争优势变化,从而推动城市产业结构演变。集聚经济能够纳入竞争优势理论,制度也是竞争优势的源泉。产业升级的根本路径是要素升级、要素重组以及制度完善。提升民族产业的动态竞争优势需要实行战略性贸易政策。产业升级是一个系统的社会工程。
The theory of competitive advantage is the theoretical foundation of inter-city division of labor. The theory of comparative advantage explains the cost competition in complete competition. The cost curve is only the resource allocation corresponding to the feature-richness of products and the elemental abundance of regions. In the market structure of monopolistic competition, the yield curve and the cost curve together determine the competitive advantage. The factor price determines the cost curve, and the factor quality determines the return curve. In the free market of globalization, factor mobility and growth promote the changes of urban competitive advantage so as to promote the evolution of urban industrial structure. Agglomeration economy can be included in the theory of competitive advantage, the system is also a source of competitive advantage. The fundamental path to industrial upgrading is factor upgrading, factor restructuring and system improvement. To enhance the dynamic competitive advantage of national industry requires the implementation of strategic trade policy. Industrial upgrading is a systematic social engineering.