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在农作物中,能够遗传的性状可以区分为质量性状和数量性状两大类。质量性状在群体中成不连续的分布,可以明确地分类,求出各类个体或植株的数量。孟德尔就是根据杂种第二代分布的不同类型统计各类植株的数目,求出各类之间的比例,乃提出“遗传因子”的概念和两个遗传法则。这都是从分析质量性状的遗传规律而推导出来的。但是,在一个群体内那些成连续变异的数量性状则不能明确的分类,统计各类之间的比例。所以,用孟德尔研究的方法来分析数量性状的遗传规律,显然是不适合的。对于数量性状的分析和研究就要应用统计学的方法,用一些统计参数来对它进行描述。采有数理统计和数学分析方法研究数量性状遗传和变异的科学,就是数量遗传学。
In crops, the traits that can be inherited can be divided into two categories: quality traits and quantitative traits. The quality of traits in the population into a non-continuous distribution, can be clearly classified, find the number of various types of individuals or plants. Mendel is based on the second generation of hybrid distribution of different types of statistics on the number of various types of plants, find the ratio between the various categories, is the concept of “genetic factors” and two genetic rules. This is derived from the analysis of genetic laws of quality traits. However, within a group, those quantitative traits that are continuously mutated can not be categorized explicitly, and the proportions among the categories are calculated. Therefore, it is obviously not suitable to analyze the genetic law of quantitative traits by means of Mendelian studies. For the analysis and research of quantitative traits, we should use statistical methods to describe it with some statistical parameters. Mathematical statistics and mathematical methods used to study the quantitative trait genetic and mutation of science, is the number of genetics.