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一、前列腺素E_2(PGE_2)阴道栓剂:用于处理孕28周内宫内死胎,临床试验及治疗结果均证实有效而安全。阴道内使用20mg的PGE_2栓剂在2～6小时内即可成功引产,90%以上的病例可使死胎娩出。平均引产至娩出的时间为8～9小时。大约5～25%的病人需要刮宫以清除胎盘碎块。PGE_2的主要副作用为恶心、呕吐、腹泻、心动过速及发热。副作用的频率取决于用药时间及是否事先使用了引起这些副作用的其它药。应用PGE_2栓剂的严重并发症罕见,偶有发生子宫破裂、宫颈撕裂需行子宫切除术的报告。这些通常发生在胎儿死于妊娠末三月期间,而病人多同时使用催产素时。PGE_2引产时约失血200ml,约
First, prostaglandin E_2 (PGE_2) vaginal suppository: for intrauterine fetal death during 28 weeks of gestation, clinical trials and treatment results were confirmed effective and safe. Vaginal use of 20mg of PGE_2 suppository in 2 to 6 hours to successfully induce labor, 90% of cases can make the stillbirth delivered. The average induction of labor to delivery time is 8 to 9 hours. Approximately 5 to 25% of patients require curettage to remove placental debris. The main side effects of PGE_2 are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia and fever. The frequency of side effects depends on the time of administration and whether other drugs that cause these side effects have been used in advance. Serious complications of PGE 2 suppositories are rare, with occasional uterine rupture and reports of hysterectomy requiring cervical tearing. These usually occur when the fetus dies during the last trimester of pregnancy and when the patient uses oxytocin more than once. PGE_2 about induced blood loss 200ml, about