一、导言:两条相反的思路“社会主义经济是有计划商品经济”这个命题,可以从两条相反的思路推导出来。一条正向的思路是:社会主义本质上是计划经济,只是由于现实的社会主义制度不是在高度发达的资本主义经济基础上产生的,而是在半殖民地和半封建社会的基础上建立起来的,其落后的生产力水平限制了计划在全社会范围内的实现,所以社会主义还不能实行完全的计划经济,而必须把计划与市场结合起来,建立有计划商品经济的运行机制。这种被以往大多数理论家所遵循的思路实际上并没有突破马克思主义经典作家关于未来社会的设想或规定,它只不过把消灭商品货币关系的任务不得已地向后推迟了一个历史阶段。按照这一思路,至少对以下两个问题难以作出解释: I. Introduction: Two opposing ideas: “The socialist economy is a planned commodity economy.” It can be deduced from two opposing lines of thinking. A positive thinking is that socialism is essentially a planned economy only because the actual socialist system was not built on the basis of a highly developed capitalist economy but was established on the basis of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, Its backward productivity limits the realization of the plan within the whole society. Therefore, socialism can not yet implement a complete planned economy. Instead, it must integrate the plan with the market and set up a mechanism for running the planned commodity economy. This idea followed by most theorists in the past did not actually break the preconceptions or provisions of the future Marxist classics. It merely postponed the historical phase of the task of eliminating commodity-currency relations. Following this line of thinking, at least the following two issues are difficult to explain: