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一、引論沉积相和沉积建造都是沉积岩层或沉积矿层形成条件的綜合物质反映,它們在空間上和时間上的組合关系代表着地壳发展的过程、規律和历史。它們是研究沉积矿床学、地史学、大地构造学不可缺少的根本手段,因而对于相和建造的研究愈来愈受到地貭学家的重視。特别是最近20—30年来,在苏联地貭学家们的努力下,得到了极大的发展。最近关于沉积相及沉积建造的研究已渐渐形成为地貭学中的两个专门分科。 1.沉积相和沉积建造的概念沉积相和沉积建造都是沉积分异的形成物。但沉积相主要是沉积作用室间分异的結果,是横的概念。一定地貭历史阶段的沉积相的自然組合描繪着古地理景观。沉积建造主要是沉积作用时間分异的結果,是纵的概念。一定大地构造单元区
I. INTRODUCTION Sedimentary facies and sedimentary structures are all reflected in the formation of sedimentary rocks or sedimentary formations. Their combination in space and time represents the process, regularity and history of crustal development. They are the essential means to study sedimentary deposit, geo-history and tectonics. Therefore, the research on facies-and-construction has been paid more and more attention by geologists. Especially in the last 20 to 30 years, great progress has been made by the efforts of Soviet experts. Recent studies on sedimentary facies and sediment formation have gradually become two specialized subdivisions in geography. 1. Sedimentary Facies and Sedimentation The concept of sedimentary facies and sedimentation are both sediment-forming formations. However, the sedimentary facies is mainly the result of sedimentary differentiation and is the horizontal concept. Certainly, the natural combination of sedimentary facies in the historical period depict paleo-geographical landscapes. Sedimentary construction is mainly the result of the differentiation of sedimentary time and is the vertical concept. Certainly the earth structure unit area