冰雪造成的灾害又称“白色灾害”。主要的冰雪灾害为雪崩、暴雪、冰碛湖溃决、冰川异常运动、凌汛等。雪崩主要发生在地形险峻、降水充沛的高山积雪区。地震、火山、风力、爆炸、动物奔走、人群走动,都可能触发雪崩。一处雪崩可引起连锁反应,造成整个山谷的群体雪崩。通常每立方米的雪崩平均具有50吨 Snow and ice caused the disaster, also known as “white disasters.” The main snow disasters are avalanches, blizzards, lake moraines, abnormal glaciers and ice floods. Avalanche occurs mainly in steep terrain, abundant precipitation in the snow-capped mountains. Earthquakes, volcanoes, winds, explosions, animal runs, and crowd walking can all trigger an avalanche. An avalanche can cause a chain reaction, causing the avalanche of the entire valley. Avalanches usually have an average of 50 tons per cubic meter