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《大学》原是《礼记》中的一篇。唐宋以后,伴随新儒学复兴运动的展开和理学的兴起,《大学》和《论语》、《中庸》、《孟子》一起被抬升至儒家经典的地位,形成所谓“四书”。宋明理学讨论的主要问题如理气、动静、心性、知行等,几乎都来自“四书”;“四书”所提供的心性论价值和作圣的工夫路径,满足了理学家资借传统以抗衡佛道二教的需要;它所体现的孔、曾、思、孟之间的思想关联也符合理学家建构儒家道统系谱的基本预设。随着朱熹《四书章句集注》被列入后世科举考试标准参考书,其理学思想被尊为官方意识形态,对“四书”的研究和诠释,形成儒家经典诠释的一个高潮。明代四书学著作远较宋元两代为多,而其中最多的则是有关《大学》的诠释之作。~([1])《大学》之所以
“University” was originally “Book of Rites” in one. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the unfolding of Neo- Confucian Revival Movement and the rise of Neo-Confucianism, “University” and “The Analects of Confucius”, “The Doctrine of the Mean” and “Mencius” were lifted to the status of Confucian classics to form the so-called “Four Books.” Most of the major issues discussed by the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties such as qi, movement, mind, knowledge and practice, almost all from the “Four Books”; “Four Books Tradition to contend with the need of Buddhism and Taoism; the ideological connection between Confucius, Zeng, Si and Meng embodies the basic presuppositions of Confucianism and Taoism constructed by rationalists. As Zhu Xi’s ”Four Books and Ancestral Annotations“ is included in the reference books for future imperial examinations, his Neo-Confucianism has been honored as an official ideology, and the study and interpretation of the ”Four Books“ have formed a climax of Confucian classics. The four books of the Ming Dynasty books are far more than the two generations of the Song and Yuan dynasties, and most of them are about ”university“ interpretation. ~ ([1]) ”University" reason