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文章分析了斯威士兰一个治理退化土地的社区牧业项目。利用访谈、问卷和从焦点组得来的数据,文章研究表明,对自然资源管理在地方尺度内采用的参与式、分级管理方法与国家级的权利机构联系紧密。在牧业项目实施过程的不同阶段出现诸多的成功经验和未解决的问题,反映了当地社会经济重点的差异和当地居民根据各自的生计目标对时间和劳力的经营方式的不同。然而,项目明显对牲畜占有者有利,而他们本身就是社区中拥有较高社会和政治地位的强势群体。本文讨论的重点是,为了使自然资源的参与式管理对整个社区更有效,项目应该首要关注当地的生态问题,而不是处理那些受制于当权阶层的环境事务。这需要各级社会、政治关系的改变和新制度的建立。
The article analyzes a Swaziland community-based animal husbandry project to manage degraded land. Using interviews, questionnaires and data from focus groups, the study shows that participatory and hierarchical management of natural resource management at the local scale is closely linked with the national authority. Many successful experiences and unresolved problems at different stages of the implementation of the livestock project reflect the differences in local social and economic priorities and the differences in the way local people manage their time and labor according to their own livelihood goals. However, the project clearly benefits livestock owners, who themselves are powerful groups in the community with higher social and political status. The focus of this article is that in order to make participatory management of natural resources more effective for the entire community, projects should focus primarily on local ecological issues rather than dealing with environmental issues that are subject to the dictatorship. This requires the change of social and political relations at all levels and the establishment of a new system.