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目前,大豆育种工作的主要方法是通过有性杂交,然后在杂交后代分离的群体中按育种目标选择优良个体,而有性杂交的方法是通过人工去雄、人工授粉的方式进行的。由于大豆的花器小,且是闭花授粉,工作起来难度较大,一般成活率都不高,多在20%~50%之间,技术熟练的可达到70%左右。据调查,大多数育种单位都是于盛花期在下午给母本花去雄,翌日上午授粉。这样做有几个缺点: 1.去雄时间多在下午2~4时进行,这时花蕾小,
At present, the main method of soybean breeding is to select good individuals according to breeding objectives through sexual crossing, and then to isolate the hybrid offspring. However, the method of sexual crossbreeding is carried out by manual removal of male and pollination. Due to the small flower pots of soybean and the closed flower pollination, it is more difficult to work together. The general survival rate is not high, mostly between 20% and 50%, and the skilled degree can reach about 70%. According to the survey, most breeding units are in the flowering in the afternoon to the mother flowers to male, pollination the next morning. There are several drawbacks to doing so: 1. Expelling more time in the afternoon 2 to 4 pm, when buds small,