明清两代主要以科举考试选拔人才。正式的科举考试有两种。一是全省性的乡试,考取者称为举人。乡试之前,各省的学政在三年任期内,依次到本省各地举行院试,进行岁科或科考,收取童生,从中录取秀才,称之为小考。其主要任务是考核检验一般秀才的平时学业,为乡试做好准备工作,考得好的即册送参加乡 Ming and Qing dynasties mainly selected talents for examination. There are two official exam examinations. First, the province’s rural exams, examiners called lifts. Prior to the provincial examinations, the provincial department of studies in each province within the three-year term, in turn, to the province held a hospital test, the Department of age or science expedition, child childrens, students from scholar, called the quiz. Its main task is to test the usual scholar scholar of schoolwork, prepare for the township exam, a good test that send to participate in the township