化学离不开推理,中学化学学科教育更加离不开化学推理。在过去的研究中,笔者发现“化学学科教学过程中充满了逻辑推理的运用,归纳推理、演绎推理和类比推理是传统推理在化学教学中三种重要推理方式”。这三种推理方式并不是独立存在的,而是在化学学科背景下,通过推理方式构建过程整体,并称之为推理模型。推理模型是在运用推理方式和常识知识基础上,结合化学学科的特征性思维方式构建一定的思维过程,再与不同难度的知识点进行整合,从而锻炼和提高学生逻辑思维能力。在化学学科中,“结构决定性质,性质反映结构”是最常见的特征性思维方式,在认识事物的性质和结构的过程中,运用 Chemistry is inseparable from reasoning, chemical education in secondary schools can not do without chemical reasoning. In the past research, I found that “chemistry teaching is full of logical reasoning. Inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning and analogous reasoning are three important ways of reasoning in chemistry teaching.” These three inference methods do not exist independently, but in the context of chemistry, the process of building the whole process by reasoning, and called the reasoning model. Inference model is based on the use of reasoning methods and knowledge of common sense, combined with the chemical characteristics of the way of thinking to build a certain thinking process, and then with different levels of knowledge to integrate points to exercise and improve students’ logical thinking ability. In chemistry, “the structure of the nature of the nature of the structure,” is the most common characteristic way of thinking, in understanding the nature of things and the structure of the process, the use of