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新疆准噶尔盆地含油气区大地构造的划分,按历史大地构造学的观点,将地质结构空间上的分异性,与地史发展时间上的阶段性结合起来,通盘考虑盆地的基底性质与盖层特征。同时,把油气的生成、演化、聚集或散失与之联系起来,即认为:含油气盆地的发展、演化以及油气的分布,无一不是受大地构造和地球动力环境所制约。由此,将盆地的构造区划,分为活动区、稳定区及过渡区,并进行划分出16个二级单元。 在综合分析了近年来地震、重磁力、航空磁测等地球物理资料,以及地层、沉积相等研究成果的基础上,认为盆地有着古老的结晶基底,其上依次沉积了①震旦纪水碛层,②海西早期(D～C_2)的海相层,③海西晚期(C_3～P_2)的海陆交互相地层(过渡性)。④印支期以来的中、新生代(M_z～K_z)陆相地层等四套盖层,并简述了盆地的发展史。 准噶尔盆地属两种构造体制的迭加盆地,印支运动以后的中新生代陆相沉积盆地与以前的内克拉通海相沉积盆地(包括C～P_2的过渡性沉积盆地)的迭加。按盆地演化的初始、扩展、收缩等三个阶段,探讨了油气在纵向及横向上的配置。初步认为:有利的生油(气)层与盆地发展中的扩展期相适应,而盆地发展的收缩阶段则有利于储集相带的发育及油气藏的形成。 盆地中油气藏类型,多为数种圈闭因素形成的复合式油气藏(当以某种圈闭因素为主)。它们的分布主要受各级构造单元中地质构造性质所制约。 按照构造是主导,沉积是基础,生油是关键、保存是条件的原则,对盆地的油气资源评价持乐观态度,认为过渡区内各单元是油气评价的一级地区,其中尤以西准噶尔断阶带及南沿山前坳陷最具现实意义。盆地东部的油气远景,不容忽视,特别对三台隆起带,应当给于极大的关注。
According to the classification of geotectonic structures in the hydrocarbon-bearing area of Junggar Basin in Xinjiang, according to the history of tectonology, the spatial heterogeneity of geologic structure is integrated with the stage of development in geo-history, and the basal characteristics and characteristics of cap rocks . At the same time, with the formation, evolution, accumulation or dissipation of oil and gas associated with it, it is considered that the development and evolution of oil and gas-bearing basins and the distribution of oil and gas are all constrained by the earth structure and the earth’s dynamic environment. Therefore, the structural division of the basin is divided into active area, stable area and transitional area, and 16 secondary units are divided. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the geophysical data of recent years such as earthquakes, heavy magnetic force and aeromagnetic surveys, as well as the research results of stratum and sediment equivalence, it is considered that the basin has an ancient crystalline basement, on which ① the Early Sinian moraine layer , ② marine phase of the Hercynian period (D ~ C_2), and ③ marine-continental interaction phase (transitional period) of the late Hercynian period (C_3 ~ P_2). ④ Four caprocks of Middle and Cenozoic (M_z ~ K_z) terrestrial strata since Indo-Chinese epoch, and briefed on the history of the basin. The Junggar Basin is a superposition of two superimposed tectonic systems, the Meso-Cenozoic continental sedimentary basin after the Indosinian movement and the former Nekrastong marine sedimentary basin (including the transitional sedimentary basin of C ~ P 2). According to the three stages of initial, extension and contraction of basin evolution, the disposition of oil and gas in vertical and horizontal directions was discussed. It is preliminarily believed that the favorable oil and gas (gas) layer is compatible with the expansion period in the basin development, while the shrinkage stage of the basin development is favorable to the development of reservoir facies belt and the formation of oil and gas reservoirs. The types of reservoirs in the basin are mostly composite reservoirs formed by several kinds of trapping factors (when some trapping factors are dominant). Their distribution is mainly controlled by the geological structure of the tectonic units at all levels. According to tectonics, sedimentation is the foundation, oil generation is the key, and preservation is the principle of conditions. It is optimistic about the evaluation of oil and gas resources in the basin. It is considered that each unit in the transition area is a first grade area for oil and gas evaluation, especially in the west Junggar fault Belt and the south along the piedmont depression most practical significance. The oil and gas vistas in the eastern part of the basin can not be ignored. In particular, the three uplifts should give great attention.