燧人氏钻木取火,使人类从茹毛饮血的生食时代跨进了用火熟食的文明时代。在这个伟大的历史变革中,木材作为人类最古老的能源,做出了积极的贡献。人类社会虽然经历了几十个世纪,但广大农村仍未摆脱对森林能源的依赖。森林的生物量约占地球上总生物量的45%,潜力很大。1.国外概况目前全世界有15亿人口靠薪柴作能源。七十年代时,每年的木材采伐量为25亿米~3,其中有一半作为烧柴。在非洲和拉丁美洲,薪材几乎占木材消耗量的90%;亚洲(除日本)是67%;欧洲大陆、东南亚和南亚诸岛每年要消耗木材4亿米~3,其中薪材占80%。虽然各地大量燃用木材,但也只能满足部份需要,另外还以大量植物枯枝落叶和牛粪作辅助。仅南亚(巴基斯坦、印度、斯里兰卡和孟加拉国)烧掉的植株弃物和牛粪就相当4.75亿米~3薪炭材。目前,东南亚和南亚所 Suirenshi wood drilling fire, so that mankind from the raw meat age of erupting into the history of civilized food cooked with fire. In this great historical revolution, timber has made a positive contribution as the oldest human energy source. Although human society has gone through several decades, the vast rural areas have not yet got rid of the dependence on forest energy. The biomass of forests accounts for about 45% of the total biomass on earth, with great potential. 1. Overseas Survey At present, 1.5 billion people in the world depend on firewood for energy. In the 1970s, annual logging volume was 2.5 billion m 3, half of which was used as firewood. In Africa and Latin America, fuelwood accounts for almost 90% of timber consumption; Asia (excluding Japan) is 67%; and wood continent, Southeast Asia and South Asia consume 400 million to 3% of wood annually, of which fuelwood accounts for 80% . Although a large amount of wood is burned everywhere, it can only meet the needs of some areas and is supplemented by a large amount of plant litter and cow dung. Only South Asia (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh) burned plant wastes and cow dung fairly worth 475 million meters to 3 firewood. At present, Southeast Asia and South Asia