新生儿和婴儿高胰岛素血症是一少见疾病,如未及时认识和尽快采取有效措施防止低血糖发作,可致患儿死亡或残留永久性神经系统损害,如癫痫,智力发育迟缓等。作者复习了过去十年报导的165例,强调其发病机制及有关胰岛结构改变的现代概念以及治疗方法的选择。最初的评价和处理:一旦发现低血糖症,主要目的在于恢复和维持正常血糖,找出病因并采取措施防止低血糖发作。缓解低血糖的最快最有效的措施是静脉输入萄葡糖。病人对输入萄葡糖的反应还有助于高胰岛素血症的诊断,尤其当以15mg/kg/分的速度输入 Neonates and infants hyperinsulinemia is a rare disease, such as the lack of timely understanding and effective measures to prevent hypoglycemic attacks as soon as possible, can cause death or residual permanent childrens nervous system damage, such as epilepsy, mental retardation and so on. The authors reviewed 165 reported cases of the past decade, highlighting its pathogenesis and the modern concepts of pancreatic islet structural changes and the choice of treatment. Initial evaluation and treatment: Once the hypoglycemia is found, the main purpose is to restore and maintain normal blood sugar, identify the cause and take measures to prevent hypoglycemic attacks. The fastest and most effective way to relieve hypoglycemia is intravenous glucose. The patient’s response to glucose as input also contributes to the diagnosis of hyperinsulinemia, especially when entering at 15 mg / kg / min