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二十世纪初,人们就开始注意肿瘤抗原,当时Paul Ehrlich 曾设想抗肿瘤抗体可以引导细胞毒药物作用于肿瘤细胞。这是基于两种设想:(1)肿瘤表现有肿瘤特异性细胞表面抗原。(2)能获得直接作用于这些抗原决定簇的抗体。关于前者,最初的许多研究都是在动物模型上进行的,并由病毒或化学物质诱发肿瘤表现肿瘤特异性抗原。将此肿瘤移植给同系宿主,即出现肿瘤排斥。这些细胞表面标记被称为肿瘤特异性移植抗原(TSTAs)。对这些具有抗原性肿瘤的排斥,虽有体液反应参与,但仍以细胞介导免疫为基础。这些类型的实验形成了肿瘤免疫假说重要基础之一——即肿瘤转化与肿瘤特异性抗原的表现有关。
Early twentieth century, people began to pay attention to tumor antigens, when Paul Ehrlich had envisaged anti-tumor antibodies can guide the cytotoxic drugs on tumor cells. This is based on two scenarios: (1) Tumor manifests tumor-specific cell surface antigens. (2) antibodies that act directly on these epitopes can be obtained. With regard to the former, many of the first studies were performed on animal models and tumor-specific antigens were induced by viruses or chemical agents. Transplant this tumor to the homologous host, that tumor rejection occurs. These cell surface markers are called Tumor Specific Transplants Antigens (TSTAs). Exclusion of these antigenic tumors, although involved in humoral responses, is still based on cell-mediated immunity. These types of experiments form one of the important foundations of the tumor immune hypothesis - that tumor transformation is associated with the performance of tumor-specific antigens.