美国模式优点：弹性很强的劳动力和产品市场、低税、激烈的竞争和股东资本主义。股东资本主义对管理者施压，要求他们使利润最大化。缺点：收入差距悬殊、低福利救济、“公共物品”——比如初等和中等教育——质量差、低投资率和很低的储蓄率。日本模式优点：终身雇佣制促进了 The advantages of the American model are: flexible labor and product markets, low taxes, fierce competition and shareholder capitalism. Shareholders capitalism puts pressure on managers to ask them to maximize their profits. Disadvantages: poor income disparity, low benefits, “public goods” - such as primary and secondary education - poor quality, low investment rates and low savings rates. Japanese model Advantages: Life-long employment system promoted