儋县抗疟前是疟疾高度流行区,主要媒介微小按蚊几乎启遍及全县,另一重要媒介大劣按蚊亦在大多数地区存在。1959年及60年代初全面抗疟后微小按蚊被基本消灭,1989—1990年在儋县点面结合调查显示,微小按蚊在丘陵区和山区又有较广泛的分布,但已由过去的家栖嗜吸人血改变为偏野栖,兼吸人牛血的种群,滨海平原区未发现。大劣按蚊仅在山区部分点发现。就全县来说,微小按蚊已成为主要的传疟媒介。血清学和寄生虫学调查显示,滨海平原区基本无疟,丘陵区呈低度流行,但部分外来垦殖居民点呈中度流行,山区呈中度流行,与媒介分布基本一致,疟疾的大幅度下降并保持稳定与家栖微小按坟的基本消灭大劣按蚊的分布大为缩小有关。大劣按蚊分布区的明显缩小与热带经济作物面积迅速发展相关,提示大规模土地开发,改变生态环境,是防制大劣按蚊,减轻其危害的有效途径。 Pixian is a highly prevalent anti-malaria area, the main media Anopheles mosquitoes almost throughout the county, another important media Anopheles mosquitoes also exist in most areas. Anopheles pandemic Anopheles was basically eliminated in 1959 and early 1960s. A survey of the co-occurrences in Pixian County from 1989 to 1990 showed that Anopheles minimus was widely distributed in hilly and mountainous areas, Habitat addicted to inhaling blood changed to partial wild habitat, and the absorption of human calf blood populations, the coastal plains area was not found. Anopheles mosquitoes only found in the mountain part of the point. As far as the county is concerned, Anopheles has become the dominant malaria vector. Serological and parasitological surveys showed that there was no malaria in the coastal plains and low prevalence in the hilly areas. However, some of the reclaimed settlements were moderately endemic, the mountainous areas were moderately epidemic, basically the same as the medium, and the substantial malaria Declined and remained stable and the gravitation of the tiny graves perished basically eliminated the distribution of Anopheles greatly reduced. The obvious shrinkage of Anopheles dirus is related to the rapid development of tropical cash crops, suggesting that large-scale land development and ecological environment modification are effective ways to prevent and control Anopheles dirus.