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心力衰竭是心脏病的晚期表现,是心脏收缩力减弱,心脏排出的血液不能满足身体需要的一种病理状态。按发病的缓急分为急性心力衰竭和慢性心力衰竭。急性心力衰竭发病急剧,因急性心肌梗塞广泛的心肌坏死或细菌性心内膜炎引起严重的瓣膜破坏,缺少慢性心力衰竭的代偿过程。慢性心力衰竭则由于长期的心脏负荷过重,产生代偿机制,即根据Frank-Starling 法则维持心脏的排血量,依靠肥厚和扩张的心脏以及交感神经兴奋性增强,使心肌收缩力加强,心率增快。再加上肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮系统的作用,使水钠潴留,虽然初期能维持心排血量,但终于导致肺循环和体循环淤血,出现多种临床表现。
Heart failure is a late manifestation of heart disease, is a pathological state of weakening of the heart contractility, the blood discharged from the heart can not meet the needs of the body. According to the incidence of acute into acute heart failure and chronic heart failure. Rapid onset of acute heart failure, acute myocardial infarction due to extensive myocardial necrosis or bacterial endocarditis caused serious valve damage, the lack of compensatory process of chronic heart failure. Chronic heart failure is due to long-term heart overload, resulting in compensatory mechanism, that is, according to Frank-Starling law to maintain cardiac output, relying on hypertrophic and dilated heart and sympathetic excitability increased myocardial contractility, heart rate Increase faster. Coupled with the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system, so that water and sodium retention, although the initial can maintain cardiac output, but finally lead to pulmonary circulation and systemic congestion, a variety of clinical manifestations.